After spending the 1850s at Harvard Observatory calculating orbits, Asaph Hall became an assistant at the U.S. Naval Observatory at Washington, D.C., in 1862. He was quickly promoted, and by 1873 had not only held several scientific discussions with Abraham Lincoln during the president’s visits to the observatory, but had also been put in charge of the 26-inch Clark refractor. It was with this tool that Hall searched during an 1877 close opposition of Mars for the Red Planet’s much-speculated moons. On Aug. 11, he spotted a moon, but lost sight of it due to the poor weather that the observatory’s “Foggy Bottom” location was famous for. Frustrated, he nearly gave up the search, but his wife convinced him to keep looking. The next evening, he conclusively discovered Deimos, the smaller of Mars’ two moons.
