Artemis 2 crew lands at Starmus VII — 15 years after Armstrong, Aldrin, and Leonov launched its lengacy

TENERIFE, Canary Islands, Sept. 8, 2026 — Fifteen years after STARMUS brought together the legends who defined the first age of human space exploration, the Festival will welcome the explorers who have opened its newest chapter.

Artemis II Commander Reid Wiseman, Pilot Victor Glover and Mission Specialist Jeremy Hansen will attend STARMUS VIII — The Search for Truth, taking place in Tenerife and La Palma from Oct. 17–22, 2026.

Their arrival brings the story of STARMUS full circle.

The origins of Starmus

STARMUS was born in the Canary Islands in 2011 with an extraordinary gathering dedicated to the 50th anniversary of Yuri Gagarin’s first human spaceflight.

Among those who came to Tenerife and La Palma were some of the greatest explorers in the history of spaceflight: Neil Armstrong, the first human to walk on the Moon; Buzz Aldrin, Apollo 11 lunar module pilot and second human on the Moon; and Alexei Leonov, the first person to walk in space.

They were joined by Apollo astronauts, Nobel Prize-winning scientists, leading astronomers, thinkers and musicians.

Armstrong delivered one of his rare public lectures. Aldrin spoke about humanity’s future journey to Mars. Leonov recounted the extraordinary beginnings of the Soviet space programme and his historic first spacewalk.

But STARMUS wanted to create something that went beyond a conventional scientific conference.

To commemorate the 108 minutes of Yuri Gagarin’s historic orbit of Earth, STARMUS created the 108 Minutes Round Table — exactly 108 minutes in which some of the world’s greatest minds could confront the biggest questions facing humanity.

The first historic discussion was held inside the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma. Neil Armstrong and Alexei Leonov sat around the same table with Brian May, Richard Dawkins, Jill Tarter, Nobel laureates and other leading scientists and thinkers for an unprecedented 108-minute conversation about humanity, science and our future in the cosmos.

It became one of the defining traditions of STARMUS.

Over subsequent editions, the 108 Minutes has brought together extraordinary figures including Stephen Hawking and Jane Goodall, Nobel laureates, Apollo astronauts, thinkers and artists — people who might rarely find themselves around the same table — to confront some of the greatest questions about humanity, our planet and our future.

Starmus and the legacy of Apollo

Space exploration has remained at the heart of STARMUS throughout its history.

STARMUS was founded in 2011 by astrophysicist Dr. Garik Israelian and Queen guitarist and astrophysicist Sir Brian May. Since then, nine astronauts from the Apollo era have joined STARMUS, including some of the most celebrated figures in the history of human space exploration and several of the twelve humans who walked on the Moon.

That extraordinary connection reached one of its high points in 2019, when STARMUS V in Zurich, under the title “A Giant Leap,” celebrated the 50th anniversary of Apollo 11 and humanity’s first steps on another world.

Six Apollo astronauts joined that special edition, including Buzz Aldrin, Walt Cunningham, Rusty Schweickart, Al Worden, Charlie Duke and Harrison Schmitt — three of them Moonwalkers.

They joined an extraordinary gathering of scientists, astronauts and artists celebrating one of humanity’s greatest achievements.

Hans Zimmer, Brian May, Rick Wakeman, Steve Vai and other musicians performed during a special musical celebration of Apollo and the legacy of Stephen Hawking.

That edition also marked another historic moment.

Buzz Aldrin received the first Stephen Hawking Medal for Lifetime Achievement, recognising a life that had transformed humanity’s relationship with the cosmos.

From Apollo To Artemis

Now STARMUS turns from celebrating the legacy of Apollo to the generation carrying human exploration forward.

Earlier this year, Artemis II carried Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Koch and Jeremy Hansen around the Moon and safely back to Earth — the first humans to travel to the Moon in more than half a century.

During their historic journey, the four astronauts travelled farther from Earth than any humans before them.

Artemis II represents far more than a return to lunar space. It has opened a new era of human exploration beyond low-Earth orbit and paved the way for future missions to the lunar surface and, ultimately, deeper into the Solar System.

In October, three members of that historic crew — Wiseman, Glover and Hansen — will come to Tenerife and La Palma for STARMUS VIII.

The connection is unmistakable.

In 2011, STARMUS brought Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Alexei Leonov to the Canary Islands to inspire a new generation by telling the story of humanity’s first great leap into space.

In 2026, members of the Artemis II crew arrive to continue that story.

Ten years of the Stephen Hawking Medal

Their participation also comes during another important STARMUS anniversary.

STARMUS VIII celebrates 10 years of the Stephen Hawking Medal for Science Communication, created in 2016 by Stephen Hawking and STARMUS to recognise individuals who have transformed the public understanding of science and humanity’s place in the Universe.

Over the past decade, the Medal has recognised an extraordinary group of scientists, communicators, filmmakers, explorers and artists, including Hans Zimmer, Neil deGrasse Tyson, Buzz Aldrin, Jane Goodall, Brian May, Christopher Nolan, Sir David Attenborough and Sir Ridley Scott.

The Medal reflects one of STARMUS’s founding principles: that humanity’s greatest discoveries acquire their full power when they are communicated beyond laboratories and universities — through stories, images, music, exploration and human experience.

That commitment to science communication extends far beyond the Festival itself. Education and public engagement have been central to STARMUS from the beginning. STARMUS has delivered hundreds of free lectures at more than 35 universities and educational institutions, reaching over 20,000 students. Its free Science Camps have welcomed more than 250,000 people, with over 130 workshops, interactive exhibits and science booths bringing science directly to young people, families and the wider public.

The next generation of explorers

STARMUS VIII takes place under the theme “The Search for Truth,” bringing together an extraordinary international community including Geoffrey Hinton, Steven Pinker, Christiana Figueres and May-Britt Moser, alongside Nobel laureates, astronauts, scientists, technology leaders, thinkers and internationally renowned artists.

Alongside the Artemis II crew, STARMUS VIII will welcome two legendary figures of human spaceflight: Chris Hadfield, astronaut, former Commander of the International Space Station and one of the world’s most influential communicators of space exploration; and Julie Payette, astronaut and former Governor General of Canada, who flew two missions aboard the Space Shuttle and served aboard the International Space Station.

STARMUS VIII will open on Oct. 17 with a spectacular Opening Concert in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, headlined by Brian May, Andrea Bocelli, Sarah Brightman & Friends. The evening will bring together music, science and some of STARMUS’s most distinguished international guests, while also celebrating the 10th anniversary of the Stephen Hawking Medal for Science Communication.

Together, they add another generation to an extraordinary STARMUS tradition of bringing the people who have actually explored space into direct conversation with scientists, artists and the public.

The presence of Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover and Jeremy Hansen, together with Chris Hadfield and Julie Payette, creates a remarkable bridge across the history and future of human space exploration — from Gagarin and the pioneers of the first human spaceflight era, through Armstrong, Aldrin and Apollo, to the International Space Station and now Artemis and humanity’s return to deep space.

“We are humbled and excited to join this year’s STARMUS gathering. It’s an amazing legacy, and we are still overwhelmed and inspired by our small part in it. The Artemis II mission made history, but as my crewmates repeatedly say, we know that this is really about making the future, and we are excited to discuss that with you all and above all to thank you for the global support!” said Victor Glover, Artemis II pilot.

“STARMUS was born with the pioneers who took humanity into space and onto the Moon,” said STARMUS co-founder Dr. Garik Israelian. “Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Alexei Leonov gave STARMUS something that has remained part of its DNA ever since — the conviction that exploration has the power to change how we see ourselves and our planet.”

STARMUS is committed to ensuring that the achievements of Artemis II reach far beyond the space community — inspiring young people to become the scientists, engineers, astronauts, artists and explorers who will define humanity’s next great journey.

The legacy that came to STARMUS with Armstrong, Aldrin and Leonov in 2011 now continues with Artemis.

A new generation has reached the Moon. Now they are landing at STARMUS.

Festival passes and individual tickets, including tickets for the Opening Concert on Oct. 17, are available through the official STARMUS website: www.starmus.com.

STARMUS VIII is made possible with the support of Cabildo de Tenerife, Gobierno de Canarias, Cabildo de La Palma, Sodepal and its international partners and sponsors.

US: Dan DuPont dupont0708@gmail.com +1 202 380 7558

UK/EU: Nicole Ettinger nicole@ettingerpr.com +44 7515 394107

Spain: Carlos Esteban cesteban@llyc.global +34 699 55 28 54

Pablo Maté Sanllorente pablo.mate@llyc.global +34 656 53 72 87

For more information, please visit starmus.com

2026 Full Moon calendar: When to see the Full Moon and phases

The phenomenon of a Full Moon arises when our planet, Earth, is precisely sandwiched between the Sun and the Moon. This alignment ensures the entire side of the Moon that faces us gleams under sunlight. Thanks to the Moon’s orbit around Earth, the angle of sunlight hitting the lunar surface and being reflected back to our planet changes. That creates different lunar phases.

The next Full Moon will be the September Corn Moon, which occurs at 12:49 p.m. EDT on Saturday, Sept. 26, 2026. This Full Moon is also the 2026 Harvest Moon.

We’ll update this article multiple times each week with the latest moonrise, moonset, Full Moon schedule, and some of what you can see in the sky each week.

Here’s the complete list of Full Moons this year and their traditional names.

2026 Full Moon schedule and names of each

(All times Eastern; * denotes a Super Moon.)

  • Saturday, Jan. 3 — 5:03 a.m. — Wolf Moon*
  • Sunday, Feb. 1 — 5:09 p.m. — Snow Moon
  • Tuesday, March 3 — 6:38 a.m. — Worm Moon | Total lunar eclipse
  • Wednesday, April 1 — 10:12 p.m. — Pink Moon
  • Friday, May 1 — 1:23 p.m. — Flower Moon
  • Sunday, May 31 — 4:45 a.m. — Blue Moon
  • Monday, June 29 — 7:57 p.m. — Strawberry Moon
  • Wednesday, July 29 — 10:36 a.m. — Buck Moon
  • Friday, Aug. 28 — 12:19 a.m. — Sturgeon Moon | Partial lunar eclipse
  • Saturday, Sept. 26 — 12:49 p.m. — Corn Moon
  • Monday, Oct. 26 — 12:12 a.m. — Hunter’s Moon
  • Tuesday, Nov. 24— 9:54 a.m. — Beaver Moon*
  • Wednesday , Dec. 23 — 8:28 p.m. — Cold Moon*

The phases of the Moon in September 2026

The images below show the day-by-day phases of the Moon in September. The Full Moon this month will be on Saturday, Sept. 26, 2026.

The moonrise and moonset schedule this week

The times below for sunrise, sunset, moonrise, and moonset are given in local time from 40° N 90° W. The Moon’s illumination is given at 10 P.M. local time from the same location. All other times are Eastern unless otherwise specified. For more details on upcoming sky events, check out our full Sky This Week column.

Thursday, September 10
New Moon occurs tonight at 11:27 P.M. EDT.

Sunrise: 6:36 A.M.
Sunset: 7:17 P.M.
Moonrise: 5:59 A.M.
Moonset: 7:00 P.M.
Moon Phase: New

Friday, September 11

Sunrise: 6:37 A.M.
Sunset: 7:15 P.M.
Moonrise: 7:09 A.M.
Moonset: 7:24 P.M.
Moon Phase: Waxing crescent (1%)

Saturday, September 12

Sunrise: 6:38 A.M.
Sunset: 7:14 P.M.
Moonrise: 8:17 A.M.
Moonset: 7:47 P.M.
Moon Phase: Waxing crescent (5%)

Sunday, September 13
Blazing at magnitude –4.8, Venus is joined this evening by a lovely thin crescent Moon as the pair hangs together in Virgo the Maiden, near its bright alpha star, Spica. 

Venus is visible in the west shortly after sunset. The Moon lies just to its lower right, now nearly three days past New. If you have a particularly clear, flat horizon or an elevated observing site, you may also spot magnitude –0.6 Mercury, but it’s only 2° high 20 minutes after the Sun sets and disappears within another 10 minutes. 

Just to the Moon’s upper right is magnitude 1.0 Spica. Together with Venus, the three objects form a nice triangle in the west as they set. 

Sunrise: 6:39 A.M.
Sunset: 7:12 P.M.
Moonrise: 9:24 A.M.
Moonset: 8:10 P.M.
Moon Phase: Waxing crescent (10%)

Monday, September 14
The Moon passes 0.5° due north of Venus at 7 A.M. EDT. In the evening sky, the pair is now standing in line with the tiny planet Mercury and the bright star Spica. 

Magnitude –0.5 Mercury sets less than 40 minutes after the Sun. About 20 minutes after sunset, you might catch the tiny planet hugging the western horizon if you’ve got a clear view. Getting up on a hill or other tall structure might help as well.

Venus won’t be hard to find — at magnitude –4.8, it will pop out of the twilight early, and it’s still more than 5° high in the west 20 minutes after sunset. Tonight it lies just over 6° to the lower right of the crescent Moon, which now sits near the border of Virgo and Libra, where our satellite will be tomorrow. 

Spica is another 9.1° to Venus’ lower right. But if you can catch it just before Mercury sets, you’ll be able to see all four objects in a line from upper left to lower right, bounded by the Moon at the top and Mercury at the bottom. Even once Mercury sets, you’ll have a bit of time to see the Moon, Venus, and Spica lined up, until Spica and then Venus sets around 8:15 P.M. local daylight time. 

Sunrise: 6:40 A.M.
Sunset: 7:10 P.M.
Moonrise: 10:30 A.M.
Moonset: 8:37 P.M.
Moon Phase: Waxing crescent (17%)

Tuesday, September 15

Sunrise: 6:41 A.M.
Sunset: 7:09 P.M.
Moonrise: 11:37 A.M.
Moonset: 9:09 P.M.
Moon Phase: Waxing crescent (25%)

Wednesday, September 16

Sunrise: 6:42 A.M.
Sunset: 7:07 P.M.
Moonrise: 12:40 P.M.
Moonset: 9:46 P.M.
Moon Phase: Waxing crescent (34%)

Thursday, September 17
The Moon passes 0.6° south of the bright star Antares at 9 A.M. EDT. By evening, our satellite sits near the border of Scorpius and Ophiuchus, some 6° east (to the upper left) of Antares.

They remain visible for roughly three hours after sunset, setting around 10:15 P.M. local daylight time.

By the hour, the Moon is moving east, crossing southern Ophiuchus and pulling away from Scorpius and its heart. Our satellite covers an average of 13° per day on the sky as it orbits Earth, appearing to track quickly across the constellations over the course of a little more than a month. It is heading for Sagittarius next, and will sit just off the spout of that constellation’s Teapot asterism tomorrow night. 

Sunrise: 6:43 A.M.
Sunset: 7:05 P.M.
Moonrise: 1:41 P.M.
Moonset: 10:29 P.M.
Moon Phase: Waxing crescent (43%)

Friday, September 18
First Quarter Moon occurs at 4:44 P.M. EDT. The Moon then reaches apogee, the farthest point from Earth in its orbit, t at 11 P.M. EDT. At that time, our satellite will stand 251,171 miles (404,221 kilometers) away. 

Sunrise: 6:44 A.M.
Sunset: 7:04 P.M.
Moonrise: 2:35 P.M.
Moonset: 11:20 P.M.
Moon Phase: Waxing gibbous (53%)

The phases of the Moon

The phases of the Moon are: New Moon, waxing crescent, First Quarter, waxing gibbous, Full Moon, waning gibbous, Last Quarter, and waning crescent. A cycle starting from one Full Moon to its next counterpart, termed the synodic month or lunar month, lasts about 29.5 days.

Though a Full Moon only occurs during the exact moment when Earth, Moon, and Sun form a perfect alignment, to our eyes, the Moon seems Full for around three days.

RELATED: 20 things to see on the Moon

Different names for different types of Full Moon

There are a wide variety of specialized names used to identify distinct types or timings of Full Moons. These names primarily trace back to a blend of cultural, agricultural, and natural observations about the Moon, aimed at allowing humans to not only predict seasonal changes, but also track the passage of time. 

For instance, almost every month’s Full Moon boasts a name sourced from Native American, Colonial American, or other North American traditions, with their titles mirroring seasonal shifts and nature’s events.

Wolf Moon (January): Inspired by the cries of hungry wolves.

Snow Moon (February): A nod to the month’s often heavy snowfall.

Worm Moon (March): Named after the earthworms that signal thawing grounds.

Pink Moon (April): In honor of the blossoming pink wildflowers.

Flower Moon (May): Celebrating the bloom of flowers.

Strawberry Moon (June): Marks the prime strawberry harvest season.

Buck Moon (July): Recognizing the new antlers on bucks.

Sturgeon Moon (August): Named after the abundant sturgeon fish.

Corn Moon (September): Signifying the corn harvesting period.

Hunter’s Moon (October): Commemorating the hunting season preceding winter.

Beaver Moon (November): Reflects the time when beavers are busy building their winter dams.

Cold Moon (December): Evocative of winter’s chill.

In addition, there are a few additional names for Full Moons that commonly make their way into public conversations and news.

Super Moon: This term is reserved for a Full Moon that aligns with the lunar perigee, which is the Moon’s nearest point to Earth in its orbit. This proximity renders the Full Moon unusually large and luminous. For a Full Moon to earn the Super Moon tag, it should be within approximately 90 percent of its closest distance to Earth.

Blue Moon: A Blue Moon is the second Full Moon in a month that experiences two Full Moons. This phenomenon graces our skies roughly every 2.7 years. Though the term suggests a color, Blue Moons aren’t truly blue. Very occasionally, atmospheric conditions such as recent volcanic eruptions might lend the Moon a slightly blueish tint, but this hue isn’t tied to the term.

Black Moon: A Black Moon is a recent, unofficial term that can describe one of two situations. Either the third of four New Moons in a single astronomical season or the second of two New Moons in a month is a Black Moon. As its name suggests, the Black Moon is completely dark, as it is a New Moon that occurs when the Moon is between the Sun and Earth. The New Moon cannot be observed except during a total solar eclipse.

Harvest Moon: Occurring closest to the autumnal equinox, typically in September, the Harvest Moon is often renowned for a distinct orange tint it might display. This Full Moon rises close to sunset and sets near sunrise, providing extended hours of bright moonlight. Historically, this was invaluable to farmers gathering their produce.

Common questions about Full Moons

What is the difference between a Full Moon and a New Moon? A Full Moon is witnessed when Earth is between the Sun and the Moon, making the entire Moon’s face visible. Conversely, during a New Moon, the Moon lies between Earth and the Sun, shrouding its Earth-facing side in darkness.

How does the Full Moon influence tides? The Moon’s gravitational tug causes Earth’s waters to bulge, birthing tides. During both Full and New Moons, the Sun, Earth, and Moon are in alignment, generating “spring tides.” These tides can swing exceptionally high or low due to the combined gravitational influences of the Sun and Moon.

Here are the dates for all the lunar phases in 2026:

New First Quarter Full Last Quarter
Jan. 3 Jan. 10
Jan. 18 Jan. 25 Feb. 1 Feb. 9
Feb. 17 Feb. 24 March 3 March 11
March 18 March 25 April 1 April 10
April 17 April 23 May 1 May 9
May 16 May 23 May 31 June 8
June 14 June 21 June 29 July 7
July 14 July 21 July 29 Aug. 5
Aug. 12 Aug. 19 Aug. 28 Sept. 4
Sept. 10 Sept. 18 Sept. 26 Oct. 3
Oct. 10 Oct. 18 Oct. 26 Nov. 1
Nov. 9 Nov. 17 Nov. 24 Dec. 1
Dec. 8 Dec. 17 Dec. 23 Dec. 30

Sept. 10, 1933: The birth of Yevgeny Khrunov

Yevgeny Khrunov was born Sept. 10, 1933, in Prudy, Russia. A Soviet Air Force pilot, he was selected as one of the first cosmonauts on Feb. 25, 1960, along with 19 others including Yuri Gagarin, Aleksei Leonov, and Andriyan Nikolayev.

Though not part of the Vanguard Six, Khrunov would make history on the Soyuz 4/Soyuz 5 mission in January 1969. After maneuvering into a coordinated orbit, Soyuz 5 docked with Soyuz 4, and Khrunov and crewmate Aleksei Yeliseyev performed a one-hour spacewalk to transfer from one craft to the other. It was the first docking of two crewed spacecraft, as well as the first EVA transfer of crew between those vehicles.

One of the only original cosmonauts to perform just one spaceflight, Khrunov worked in foreign economic relations after leaving the space program, and died in 2000 at age 67.


Elisa Neckar is senior production editor of Astronomy magazine, and the editor of the Today in the History of Astronomy feature on Astronomy.com.

The Sky Today on Thursday, September 10: Uranus is stationary

Looking for a sky event this week? Check out our full Sky This Week column. 

September 9: Visualize the ecliptic

Uranus reaches a stationary point at 2 P.M. EDT, coming to a halt amid the stars of Taurus the Bull. Rising around 10:40 P.M. local daylight time, the best time to view the ice giant is in the early morning, in the hour or so before dawn, when the sky is dark enough that the 5th-magnitude world can be picked up at nearly its highest point in the sky. 

In the hour before dawn, Uranus stands 70° high in the south, near the small V of stars that makes up the face of Taurus. If you’re facing south, that V will appear tilted on its side, opening toward the left, with the bright star Aldebaran along the left side. Look to the V’s upper right to find the Pleiades, an open cluster of stars also cataloged as M45. They are easy to see with the naked eye. Uranus is about halfway along a line drawn between Aldebaran and the Pleiades, just 1° to the upper right (west-northwest) of magnitude 4.9 Omega (ω) Tauri. If you center that star in binoculars or a telescope, the planet should be within view as well. Its tiny disk spans 4” and may appear grayish in color, like a “flat” star. 

Prior to today’s halt, Uranus was moving eastward, or prograde, against the background stars. After today, it will begin moving westward, or retrograde, across our sky. 

New Moon occurs tonight at 11:27 P.M. EDT.

Sunrise: 6:36 A.M.
Sunset: 7:17 P.M.
Moonrise: 5:59 A.M.
Moonset: 7:00 P.M.
Moon Phase: New
*Times for sunrise, sunset, moonrise, and moonset are given in local time from 40° N 90° W. The Moon’s illumination is given at 10 P.M. local time from the same location. 


Alison Klesman is senior editor of Astronomy magazine. She holds a Ph.D. in astronomy and has studied a variety of topics, from minor planets to supermassive black holes.

Sept. 9, 1892: Edward Emerson Barnard sees Amalthea

When Edward Emerson Barnard peered through the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory on Sept. 9, 1892, and spotted Amalthea, it marked the first discovery of a moon of Jupiter in 280 years. Galileo had discovered the four largest jovian moons – Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto – in 1610. Though this fifth moon was closer to Jupiter than any of the Galilean moons, Barnard was known for his exceptional vision and observational skills. French astronomer Camille Flammarion suggested the name Amalthea for the moon, after the nymph who cared for the infant Zeus (Jupiter in Roman mythology), but the name wasn’t widely adopted until after Voyager 1 imaged Amalthea in 1979.


Elisa Neckar is senior production editor of Astronomy magazine, and the editor of the Today in the History of Astronomy feature on Astronomy.com.

The Sky Today on Wednesday, September 9: Visualize the ecliptic

Looking for a sky event this week? Check out our full Sky This Week column. 

September 8: The Moon joins Jupiter

The waning Moon has moved from Cancer to Leo and is nearing the bright star Regulus, which marks the Lion’s heart. Our satellite will pass 0.6° south of Regulus at 4 P.M. EDT this afternoon. 

An hour before sunrise this morning, Regulus is just 4° above the eastern horizon, with the Moon —just 4% lit as sunset quickly sweeps across the lunar nearside — still 4.5° to its west (upper right). In fact, this morning offers an excellent opportunity to trace out the line of the ecliptic in the sky. The ecliptic is defined as the plane of Earth’s orbit around the Sun. But because all the major planets in our solar system orbit close to the same plane, they appear to sit along a line in our sky: the ecliptic. The Moon’s orbit, while tilted some 5° to this plane, still largely carries our satellite mostly along this line, and several stars in the sky also happen to sit along the ecliptic as well. 

This morning, you can visualize the ecliptic by starting at Regulus, low in the eastern sky, and moving your gaze to the upper right. Along the way, you’ll encounter the Moon, Jupiter, and then Mars, all of which lie along the ecliptic and show off its orientation in the morning sky. 

Sunrise: 6:35 A.M.
Sunset: 7:19 P.M.
Moonrise: 4:45 A.M.
Moonset: 6:35 P.M.
Moon Phase: Waning crescent (1%)
*Times for sunrise, sunset, moonrise, and moonset are given in local time from 40° N 90° W. The Moon’s illumination is given at 10 P.M. local time from the same location. 

Uranus reaches a stationary point at 2 P.M. EDT on September 10, coming to a halt amid the stars of Taurus the Bull. The best time to view the ice giant is in the early morning, in the hour or so before dawn, when the sky is dark enough that the 5th-magnitude world can be picked up at nearly its highest point in the sky. 


In the hour before dawn, Uranus stands 70° high in the south, near the small V of stars that makes up the face of Taurus. If you’re facing south, that V will appear tilted on its side, opening toward the left, with the bright star Aldebaran along the left side. Look to the V’s upper right to find the Pleiades, an open cluster of stars also cataloged as M45. They are easy to see with the naked eye. Uranus is about halfway along a line drawn between Aldebaran and the Pleiades, just 1° to the upper right (west-northwest) of magnitude 4.9 Omega (ω) Tauri. If you center that star in binoculars or a telescope, the planet should be within view as well. Its tiny disk spans 4” and may appear grayish in color, like a “flat” star. 


Alison Klesman is senior editor of Astronomy magazine. She holds a Ph.D. in astronomy and has studied a variety of topics, from minor planets to supermassive black holes.

SpaceX closes out SES’s O3b mPower constellation

Rocket launches this week

On Thursday, Sept. 10 at 5:00 a.m. EST, a Long March 2D rocket is set to lift off from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northern China’s Gobi Desert carrying an undisclosed payload, according to tracking from Next Spaceflight. The rocket is operated by the state-owned space contractor China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC).

Later that day, on Thursday, Sept. 10 at 11:37 a.m. EST, SpaceX will launch the USSF-153 mission for the U.S. Space Force aboard a Falcon 9 from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California. As with most national security launches, the specifics of the payload have not been disclosed. The booster is expected to land on the droneship Of Course I Still Love You, stationed in the Pacific Ocean.

On Friday, Sept. 11 at 12:00 p.m. EST, CASC is scheduled to launch a Long March 8A rocket from the Wenchang Space Launch Site on the coast of Hainan Island in the South China Sea, carrying another undisclosed payload, according to tracking from Next Spaceflight.

On Sunday, Sept. 13 at 2:50 p.m. EST, SpaceX is targeting the launch of the O3b mPower 11, 12 & 13 mission from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. The three satellites, built by Boeing for SES, a space solutions company based in Luxembourg, are the final additions to the O3b mPower constellation, a fleet of satellites in medium Earth orbit that provides broadband connectivity for government and commercial customers. The Falcon 9 booster will target a landing on the droneship A Shortfall of Gravitas.

Last week’s recap

The week began on Monday, Aug. 31, with Chinese company Galactic Energy conducting the demo flight of its new Pallas-1 rocket from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The mission, dubbed “Riding the Green Dragon, Sailing the Starry River,” was successful; the medium-lift, partially reusable rocket successfully reached orbit, though the company did not attempt to recover the booster.

On Wednesday, Sept. 2, Rocket Lab launched its “Owl Around The World” mission on an Electron rocket from Māhia Peninsula, New Zealand, deploying a StriX synthetic aperture radar satellite for Japanese Earth-observation company Synspective. Watch the launch. That same day, SpaceX launched the Starlink Group 15-23 mission from Vandenberg.

On Thursday, Sept. 3, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) launched the EOS-05 Earth-observation satellite aboard a GSLV Mk II rocket from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre. Watch the launch.

On Saturday, Sept. 5, the German company Isar Aerospace launched the “Onward and Upward” mission from Andøya Spaceport in Norway, successfully reaching orbit and becoming the first company to launch an orbital rocket from continental Europe. The two-stage, 92-foot-tall (28 meters) Spectrum carried carrying five cubesats under the European Space Agency’s “Boost!” program, which supports emerging European launch providers. The flight followed Spectrum’s first test launch in March 2025, which ended after just 30 seconds when the rocket lost control shortly after clearing the pad.

The mission was supported by the European Space Agency’s Boost! program and also fulfilled an important milestone for ESA’s European Launcher Challenge, which requires competing launch providers to reach orbit by 2027 — a bar Isar Aerospace is now the first to clear. “All launches are special,” said ESA’s Director of Space Transportation Géraldine Naja in a statement, “but what Isar Aerospace achieved today is historic: the first European company to reach orbit with their own launch vehicle.” Watch the launch.

On Sunday, Sept. 6, SpaceX launched the Starlink Group 15-24 mission from Vandenberg Space Force Base, adding another batch of satellites to its broadband megaconstellation.

Looking ahead

On Wednesday, Sept. 16, CASC is expected to launch a Long March 12 rocket from the Wenchang Space Launch Site carrying an undisclosed payload, according to tracking from Next Spaceflight.

On Saturday, Sept. 19, SpaceX is slated to launch the Starlink Group 15-27 mission from Vandenberg Space Force Base.

Sept. 8, 2016: OSIRIS-REx launches

On Sept. 8, 2016, the Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security – Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) mission launched from Cape Canaveral, setting off on its 4.4-billion-mile (2 billion kilometers) journey to asteroid Bennu. About the size of an SUV, the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft carries several cameras, an altimeter used to create maps of Bennu, and an arm that would be used to retrieve Bennu’s rock and dust. Scientists hoped that the sample-return mission, the U.S.’s first to an asteroid, would provide clues to the origin of life on our planet – the presence of life-supporting elements would suggest that the ingredients for life were widespread in the early universe.

OSIRIS-REx reached Bennu on Dec. 3, 2018, collected its sample on Oct. 20, 2020, and on Sept. 24, 2023, delivered a capsule holding the sample to Earth. Analysis is ongoing, but has found materials necessary for life. After its Bennu sample transport was complete, the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft (now renamed OSIRIS-APEX) set off on a new mission, this time heading for asteroid Apophis. It is expected to arrive in 2029.


Elisa Neckar is senior production editor of Astronomy magazine, and the editor of the Today in the History of Astronomy feature on Astronomy.com.

The Sky Today on Tuesday, September 8: The Moon joins Jupiter

Looking for a sky event this week? Check out our full Sky This Week column. 

September 7: Venus and Spica, side by side

The Moon has now skimmed through the morning sky over to Cancer, where it checks in on Jupiter — and you can check in on them both before dawn. 

The Moon rises around 3:30 A.M. local daylight time, with Jupiter following half an hour later. An hour before sunrise, the Moon is 20° high in the east, to the upper right of bright Jupiter in eastern Cancer. About 3.8° to the Moon’s right (west) is the Beehive Cluster, a lovely open cluster in central Cancer. Before the sky grows light, you might be able to make out its brighter stars with the naked eye, as the slim crescent Moon shouldn’t throw out too much light. Binoculars or any small scope will certainly show its many members. 

Jupiter shows off a wealth of detail in a telescope, including a light-and-dark banded atmosphere and four large, bright moons. Io is alone to the planet’s east, while Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto stretch out to the west. 

The Moon will pass 0.8° north of Jupiter at 2 P.M. EDT, during daylight across the U.S.

Sunrise: 6:34 A.M.
Sunset: 7:20 P.M.
Moonrise: 3:30 A.M.
Moonset: 6:08 P.M.
Moon Phase: Waning crescent (5%)
*Times for sunrise, sunset, moonrise, and moonset are given in local time from 40° N 90° W. The Moon’s illumination is given at 10 P.M. local time from the same location. 

By the morning of September 9, the waning Moon has moved from Cancer to Leo and is nearing the bright star Regulus, which marks the Lion’s heart.

An hour before sunrise on the 9th, Regulus is just 4° above the eastern horizon, with the Moon —just 4% lit as sunset quickly sweeps across the lunar nearside — still 4.5° to its west (upper right). In fact, this morning offers an excellent opportunity to trace out the line of the ecliptic in the sky. The ecliptic is defined as the plane of Earth’s orbit around the Sun. But because all the major planets in our solar system orbit close to the same plane, they appear to sit along a line in our sky: the ecliptic. The Moon’s orbit, while tilted some 5° to this plane, still largely carries our satellite mostly along this line, and several stars in the sky also happen to sit along the ecliptic as well. 

This morning, you can visualize the ecliptic by starting at Regulus, low in the eastern sky, and moving your gaze to the upper right. Along the way, you’ll encounter the Moon, Jupiter, and then Mars, all of which lie along the ecliptic and show off its orientation in the morning sky. 


Alison Klesman is senior editor of Astronomy magazine. She holds a Ph.D. in astronomy and has studied a variety of topics, from minor planets to supermassive black holes.

Sept. 7, 1914: The birth of James Van Allen

James Van Allen, who was born in Iowa on Sept. 7, 1914, showed talent and interest in science and math from an early age. A major in physics from Wesleyan College in 1935 was followed by a Ph.D. in nuclear physics in 1939. Before and after World War II – during which he developed antiaircraft radio technology for the Navy – Van Allen worked in the Applied Physics Lab of Johns Hopkins University, and in 1951, became head of the Department of Physics at the University of Iowa.

On Jan. 31, 1958, when the Explorer 1 satellite launched, it carried a Geiger counter and cosmic ray experiment designed by Van Allen. The data returned by Explorer 1 and subsequent orbiters led to Van Allen’s discovery of the radiation belts around Earth, two donuts of charged particles trapped by our planet’s magnetic field. The particles of the outer belt come from the Sun, while the inner belt is created by cosmic rays interacting with our atmosphere. As the radiation could severely damage spacecraft – not to mention be hazardous to astronauts’ health – Van Allen’s discovery and his further research into the Van Allen Radiation Belts was a key step in safe space exploration. He passed away in 2006 at the age of 91.


Elisa Neckar is senior production editor of Astronomy magazine, and the editor of the Today in the History of Astronomy feature on Astronomy.com.

Why aren’t free-floating planets captured when they fly past stars?

Wouldn’t a free-floating planet eventually cross paths with a star or even a black hole and start revolving around it?

Yin
Toronto, Ontario

Free-floating planets (FFPs) or rogue planets are bodies that move through space by themselves, not locked into an orbit around a star. While some may have begun as typical planets flung out of their star’s orbit by interactions with other objects, other FFPs may have formed by themselves, like stars. Some scientists argue that FFPs that formed like stars should be classified as brown dwarfs, or even as a new type of object somewhere in between stars and planets.

However they formed, wandering FFPs may indeed encounter stars or black holes, but they’re not likely to be captured by them because of conservation of energy. The only way they could be captured is if they happen to lose some energy through an additional gravitational interaction with a planet in that system: As it passes through a star system, the FFP might happen to pass close enough to another planet to transfer energy to it through gravity. If it loses enough energy, then it could not escape the system and it would go into orbit around the star. (Usually this would be an elongated or elliptical orbit that would not be in the same plane as any other planets. However, the orbit could become circular over time due to weak interactions with other planets.) 

The situation is much like the three interstellar objects that have been spotted passing through our solar system in recent years. Their paths through space are deflected by the gravity of the Sun, but they would not usually become captured into an orbit because they have enough energy to escape the solar system. They move faster as they fall in closer to the Sun and then slow down as they move away, finally leaving at the same speed that they started with. 

For the Sun to capture them, they would have needed to have a gravitational encounter with a planet that robs them of some of their energy. 

Philip Lucas
Professor of Astrophysics, Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, England

The Sky Today on Monday, September 7: Venus and Spica, side by side

Looking for a sky event this week? Check out our full Sky This Week column. 

September 6: The Moon and Mars in Gemini

Venus has pulled away from the bright star Spica in Virgo, which it met in the sky last week, and tonight stands side by side with the star as they set together following sunset. An hour after the Sun disappears, the pair is just 3° high in the west, with some 4.7° separating them. You’ll need a horizon clear of trees and buildings to see them well — an observing site slightly above your surroundings, such as a hill or parking garage, will further aid your endeavors. They set around 8:45 P.M. local daylight time.

Although Venus is quickly losing altitude, it is approaching greatest brilliancy, which it will reach next week. Through a telescope, Venus appears as a 34%-lit crescent that spans 33” — a slightly larger apparent size than Jupiter, despite the two planets’ physical size difference. Venus is only 0.5 astronomical unit from Earth, where 1 astronomical unit, or AU, is the average Earth-Sun distance of 93 million miles (150 million km). Jupiter, by contrast, is now 6.2 AU from Earth, so its much greater distance diminishes its apparent size in our sky. 

Sunrise: 6:33 A.M.
Sunset: 7:22 P.M.
Moonrise: 2:13 A.M.
Moonset: 5:34 P.M.
Moon Phase: Waning crescent (11%)
*Times for sunrise, sunset, moonrise, and moonset are given in local time from 40° N 90° W. The Moon’s illumination is given at 10 P.M. local time from the same location. 

By the morning of September 8, the Moon has skimmed through the morning sky over to Cancer, where it checks in on Jupiter — and you can check in on them both before dawn. 

The Moon rises around 3:30 A.M. local daylight time, with Jupiter following half an hour later. An hour before sunrise, the Moon is 20° high in the east, to the upper right of bright Jupiter in eastern Cancer. About 3.8° to the Moon’s right (west) is the Beehive Cluster, a lovely open cluster in central Cancer. Before the sky grows light, you might be able to make out its brighter stars with the naked eye, as the slim crescent Moon shouldn’t throw out too much light. Binoculars or any small scope will certainly show its many members. 

Jupiter shows off a wealth of detail in a telescope, including a light-and-dark banded atmosphere and four large, bright moons. Io is alone to the planet’s east, while Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto stretch out to the west.


Alison Klesman is senior editor of Astronomy magazine. She holds a Ph.D. in astronomy and has studied a variety of topics, from minor planets to supermassive black holes.